Cornerstones for greater participation of smart renewable energy on clustered islands: The case of Guayas in Ecuador towards 2050

This article presents a new approach to long-term energy planning based on the concept of smart energy systems. Unfortunately, fossil fuels have had a negative impact on fragile ecosystems, including the coastal islands in the Guayas province of Ecuador considered in this case study. The objective is to structure an energy system that responds to the growing demand by taking advantage of the renewable energy potential of the islands. The cornerstones that support the generation system are based mainly on wind and photovoltaic energy that follows a multisectoral approach, including the heating and cooling, transport, desalination, gas and electricity sectors. The analyses were applied with the support of the EnergyPLAN tool in an intelligent energy structure according to the land use plans, elements that put together the puzzle to design the path towards the 100% renewable transition that is much friendlier to the environment. This is a novel study that seeks to take advantage of the renewable energy potential available on the islands themselves. Finally, after analyzing the results, it is concluded that the energy mix for 2050 can consider 49.12% wind power and 38.59% solar photovoltaic, as well as in smaller proportions 7.02% biomass and 5.26% biofuels, thereby achieving 100% of renewable energy in the grouped islands thanks to their energy potential. Decision makers may consider this study a reference before committing resources and carrying out modern energy planning.