Characteristics of airflow motion and distribution of dust microparticles deposition in the flow field of photovoltaic panels

Photovoltaic power plants are typically located in desert regions with high solar irradiation but are prone to dust contamination due to wind and sand. To mitigate dust deposition on Photovoltaic panels, a physical model based on the Hobq Desert power station was developed. Using the computational fluid dynamics-discrete phase model, dust movement within the plant was simulated, and the motion and deposition mechanisms of dust particles were analyzed microscopically based on aerodynamic principles. Results reveal that the flow field divides into five regions after passing through the PV panel, with low-speed regions effectively suppressing dust formation. Vortices reduce airflow velocity behind the panel by up to 84 %, and the low-speed region, covering 31.95 % of the area, acts as a barrier to dust deposition. The maximum dust deposition rate of 2.27 x 10-3 occurs at a wind speed of 6 m/s. Maintaining a spacing of less than 18 m between adjacent modules significantly reduces dust accumulation. These findings offer critical theoretical insights and practical strategies for minimizing dust on PV panels, improving their efficiency and longevity.