The composition and mode of delivery of diabetes-related footcare education provided by podiatrists in Australia and Aotearoa (New Zealand): A systematic review

IntroductionDiabetes-related foot disease (DFD) is a significant and costly complication of diabetes in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Diabetes footcare education is considered a cornerstone of DFD prevention and management, with podiatrists playing a key role in education provision. This systematic review evaluated the nature and composition of diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists to people living with diabetes in Australia and NZ.MethodsMedline, EBSCO, Megafile Ultimate and Cochrane library databases were conducted from inception until January 31, 2024 to identify studies reporting on the mode of delivery and composition, including frequency, of diabetes footcare education provided to people with diabetes by podiatrists in Australia and NZ.ResultsFrom a total of 226 abstracts screened, 4 studies with 878 participants were included. Three studies were from Australia and 1 from NZ. Studies included podiatrists in both private and public health sectors and used cross-sectional web-based surveys or observation. Components of diabetes footcare education included education on neuropathy and vascular foot health, footwear and general foot health/hygiene. This education was provided by podiatrists from both countries routinely. Verbal education was the most frequently used method of delivery. There was no significant difference between content, mode of delivery and frequency of diabetes footcare education between private and public practitioners in either country. No studies reported on culturally responsive content or education delivery methods.ConclusionThere are little available data on the composition or mode of delivery of diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists in Australia and NZ to people living with diabetes. A range of footcare education is provided, most frequently verbally. Further qualitative research is required to conclusively establish the composition and delivery methods used for diabetes footcare education provided by podiatrists. In addition, the provision of culturally responsive diabetes footcare education and availability of related culturally responsive supporting resources is yet to be established.