Exploring Trends: Five-Year Analysis of Suicide Rates in Nepal

Background: Suicide is a global, preventable public health issue, with nearly more than 700,000 people dying by suicide annually. The majority of suicides occur in developing countries, including Nepal. This study is aimed at examining the trends and patterns of suicide in Nepal over the past 5 years in the federal context.Methods: Using the Nepal Police suicide database, we analyzed data from 2019 to 2023 based on age, gender, methods of suicide, and provincial distribution. Trends in suicide rates over the past 5 years were examined, with graphs and tables created to represent the observed trends and patterns visually. Excel was used to support the data analysis.Results: Overall, the suicide rate was found to be higher among males (59.1%). However, the suicide rate varied by gender and age group, with females having a higher suicide rate below 18 years of age, while males had a higher suicide rate above 18 years of age. Hanging has consistently been the preferred method of suicide over the past 5 years. The national suicide rate showed an increasing trend. Similarly, an increasing trend in suicide was observed in all seven provinces of Nepal, with Koshi, Madhesh, and Gandaki provinces showing significant growth over the past 5 years.Conclusion: The increasing trend in suicide rates at both the national and provincial levels highlight the necessity to prioritize this issue and it is imperative for all levels of government to formulate targeted policies, programs, and strategies to prevent suicide.