Management strategies for chalazia in pediatric patients: A scoping review

Background: Chalazia are common eyelid lesions in children, resulting from chronic inflammation of sebaceous glands. Management strategies vary, but evidence specific to pediatric populations is limited. Objectives: To review current evidence on treatment modalities for chalazia in children and propose a management algorithm. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted, synthesizing data on conservative, medical, and surgical approaches to pediatric chalazia management. Results: Conservative treatments (warm compresses, lid hygiene) remain first-line, though pediatric-specific efficacy data is sparse. Topical antibiotics and steroids show mixed results, with potential adverse effects in children. Emerging therapies (probiotics, omega-3 supplementation, intense pulsed light) show promise but require further investigation. Intralesional steroid injections demonstrate high success rates but carry risks of rare complications. Surgical excision remains effective for persistent lesions. Tailored approaches considering underlying conditions (vitamin A deficiency, Demodex infestation, rosacea) are recommended. Conclusions: Management of pediatric chalazia lacks standardized protocols. A tailored approach balancing efficacy and safety is crucial. Large-scale, pediatric-focused studies are needed to establish evidence-based guidelines.