The application of deep eutectic solvent-based magnetic nanofluid in analytical sample preparation

The pursuit of green analytical chemistry has led to the exploration of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvents in sample preparation processes. DESs, formed by hydrogen bond donor and acceptor components, exhibit unique properties such as low toxicity, biodegradability, and designable structures that make them ideal for extraction technologies. However, no comprehensive assessment of the utilization of DES-based magnetic nanofluid for analytical sample pretreatment has been performed. This review summarized the preparation methods of DES-based magnetic nanofluids and their application in various microextraction technologies, including vortex-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted, dispersive, and microfluidic device-based approaches, highlighting their role in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of analytical methods. The paper underscored the importance of the stability of magnetic nanofluids in sample pretreatment and the advantages of using DESs, such as reduced organic solvent usage and compatibility with green chemistry principles. Key findings from recent research on the application of DES-based magnetic nanofluids in microextraction were presented, demonstrating their high extraction recoveries, low detection limits, and applicability to a wide range of analytes and matrices. The outlook suggests potential directions for future research, including the refinement of DESbased magnetic nanofluids for improved performance in analytical sample preparation. This review provides a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners in the field of analytical chemistry, showcasing the potential of DES-based magnetic nanofluids as a sustainable and efficient tool for sample preparation and microextraction.