Application of prebiotic stachyose on metabolic diseases and other human diseases through regulation of gut microbiota

The role of probiotics and prebiotics in alleviating symptoms related to metabolic diseases (METs) through the regulation of gut microbiota has garnered significant attention. Recent studies have demonstrated that stachyose (STA) selectively promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus, which are vital for intestinal health. The enhancement of these beneficial bacteria by STA leads to improved homeostasis of the gastrointestinal microbial ecosystem and a reduction in harmful bacteria, potentially mitigating conditions like obesity and diabetes. Furthermore, STA operates through several mechanisms: enhancing intestinal barrier function, boosting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and regulating bile acid metabolism. These mechanisms are critical for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota and preventing METs. This study aims to investigate how STA influences METs through gut microbiota regulation, with an emphasis on its sources, activities, and mechanisms of action. A deeper understanding of STA's effects on gut microbiota could provide valuable insights and inspire future treatment strategies for METs.