Does a religious universalism haunt secular religious education?

Contemporary theories of non-confessional religious education (RE) imagine the subject as inclusive and non-indoctrinatory. Any latent confessional tendencies towards universalism-encouraging or promoting a singular religious vision-have been exorcised within secular, liberal education systems. But can universalism be so easily avoided? In this article, I argue that some forms of universalism are unjustified, while others are educationally inevitable. The argument acknowledges that failures to distinguish between different forms of universalism lead to confusion about the purposes and justification of RE, and contribute to the poor status of the subject in schools within England and Wales. Knowing when, how, and why universalism operates educationally can help to improve all kinds of education, particularly RE. This article is part of a suite of articles, titled 'Universal Individuals', which explore the relations and tensions between forms of universalism (political, civic, philosophical) and individualism.