Quantifying the impacts of energy sharing program on enhancing the resilience of buildings in renewable microgrid from a long-period perspective

The peer-to-peer energy sharing (PPES) program is considered an effective measure to improve the resilience of microgrids. This study quantifies this impact from a long-period perspective by calculating and comparing buildings' probability of surviving outage (PSO) with given length of outage sustained hour in renewable microgrid under different PPES scenarios. The results indicate that the PSO can effectively represent the influence of PPES on enhancing microgrid resilience across various load levels. Specifically, buildings with load patterns more consistent with solar power output pattern have a higher probability to survive longer power outages. Meanwhile, PPES is more effective than load curtailment in improving a building's resilience, this is because only if the load is curtailed by almost 50% can the resilience be improved to the level when shared energy was used. Simultaneously, load curtailment reduces the Renewable Energy Utilization Ratio (REUR) of buildings, whereas introducing PPES maximizes the REUR. Finally, the combination of 20% load curtailment + PPES can almost generate the same resilience improving effect for the microgrid as that of each building alone installing photovoltaic + battery energy storage, and if higher amount of load can be curtailed, a greater resilience improvement can be achieved. Therefore, for the sake of adaptability as well as resource conservation and sustainability, we recommended policymakers and other stakeholders put a higher priority on the implementation of PPES + moderate amount of load curtailment in improving the resilience of microgrids.