Development of radish extract-loaded transfersomes blended sunscreen formulation for tyrosinase melanin and photoprotective sunscreening effect

Radish sprouts consist of a variety of active compounds, including phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid, which has antityrosinase activity, the key enzyme in melanogenesis. Furthermore, UV radiation cause hyperpigmentation and skin damage. The aim of this study was to develop radish sprouts extract (R)-loaded transfersomes for anti-aging and skin-whitening formulation. To provide UV protection, transfersomes were combined with sunscreen emulgel formulation. The physicochemical characteristics, biological activity, and cytotoxicity to skin cells of formulations were studied. The results showed that R-loaded transfersomes exhibited spherical nanovesicles and negative zeta potential. The vesicles were able to reduce tyrosinase activity and melanin content. However, transfersomes were safe to skin cells at low concentrations. By combining R-loaded transfersomes with sunscreen emulgels, the cytotoxicity of formulation decreased in addition to exhibiting stability under accelerated conditions. The formulation also absorbed UVA and UVB wavelengths with SPF and UVAPF values, due to the photoprotective properties of sunscreening agents. Furthermore, R slowly released from transfersome, emulsion matrix and gel base of the formulation. Thus, R-loaded transfersomes blended sunscreen emulgels could be applied as promising formulation with satisfactory activity for tyrosinase melanin and photoprotective sunscreening effect.