Exploring Coping Strategies Among Ukrainian Refugee Adolescents A Qualitative Analysis

Theoretical Background: The war in Ukraine has led to the displacement of countless families, subjecting children and adolescents to significant stressors such as trauma from the conflict, loss, and the challenges of adapting to a new culture upon resettlement. To deal with these stressors, they develop and employ a variety of coping strategies. Aim: This study aimed to identify and explore the innate coping strategies employed by Ukrainian refugee adolescents as they adapt to life in Germany after displacement in order to better understand how to support them during such a difficult time of crisis. Method: We conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with Ukrainian refugees aged 12 - 18 years, covering topics from their escape from Ukraine to their everyday life in Germany. The data were holistically analyzed using Braun and Clarke's thematic analysis method. The themes identified, representing the coping strategies employed by the refugees, were examined in light of Lazarus and Folkman's psychological stress and coping theory, which distinguishes between emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. Results: The analysis revealed a multifaceted approach to coping, encompassing both emotion-focused and problem-focused strategies. Many participants prioritized educational pursuits and future planning, adopting a proactive approach to their new challenges. Maintaining familiar routines from their life in Ukraine provided a sense of continuity and stability amid change. Emotional regulation, facilitated by creative activities and social support, emerged as a critical coping theme. Building and maintaining social connections were key for emotional support and integration. Some adolescents coped by distancing themselves from distressing aspects of their past or present, while others engaged in reflecting on past experiences, sometimes finding solace and at other times experiencing sorrow. Notably, despite facing adversities, a sense of optimism was observed in some adolescents, indicating an adaptive and resilient mindset. Discussion and Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of holistic support for refugee children and adolescents that acknowledges and works with their innate coping strategies. It highlights the complexity of the refugee experience, where growth and struggle coexist, and the need for tailored interventions to support young refugees in not only immediate challenges but also in long-term mental health.