Laparoscopy for Gastrointestinal Perforation in Neonates: A New Animal Model for Training

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation in the neonatal period can result from different conditions with varying degrees of severity. Optimal timing for surgery is challenging to establish and laparoscopy has been proposed as a diagnostic tool to minimize surgical delays and refine surgical indications. However, no standard animal model is universally accepted for training laparoscopic management of neonatal GI perforations. We aimed to define a small-sized animal model and (1) assess the effectiveness of laparoscopy in identifying GI perforations and (2) evaluate the viability of intracorporeal suturing, in a confined working space.Methods: In total, 30 Sprague Dawley rats underwent laparoscopy. In Part I, a random GI perforation was performed. In Part II, the perforation was identified and sutured. The surgeon of Part II remained blinded during Part I. The suture line was assessed for leaks and strictures once the rats were euthanized.Results: In Part I, 29 perforations were created: 22 in the ileum, 3 in the colon, 2 in the jejunum, 1 in the stomach, and 1 in the duodenum. In one rat, the GI tract was left intact. In Part II, all 29 perforations were identified and sutured. The average duration of Part II was 53 +/- 16 minutes. During suture evaluation, a leak was observed in two cases, and a stricture in two additional cases.Conclusions: Laparoscopy was technically feasible and highly sensitive in detecting isolated GI perforation in a rat model. This model holds particular value for training laparoscopic skills in a space-limited setting. Further investigation is needed to see if a learning curve can be achieved.