Advancements in MXene-based nanomaterials for tribological applications: Comprehensive review and future prospects

MXenes, a class of two-dimensional materials, have emerged as promising candidates for enhancing lubrication and reducing wear in mechanical systems amidst growing concerns over energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of MXene-based nanomaterials and their potential applications in tribology. The unique structural and chemical properties of MXenes contribute to their favorable tribological performance, which is discussed alongside various synthesis methodologies. Recent advancements in using MXenes as solid and liquid lubricants are highlighted, emphasizing their effectiveness in reducing friction and wear under different operating conditions. However, the review also addresses challenges associated with the scalability of synthesis methods and the need for experimental validation of MXene performance in real-world applications. By examining the current state of research, this work aims to explicate the specific advantages of MXenes in tribological applications and provide insights into future directions for their development.