Hybridizing Machine Learning Algorithms With Numerical Models for Accurate Wind Power Forecasting

An accurate prediction of wind power generation is crucial for optimizing the integration of wind energy into the power grid, ensuring energy reliability. This research focuses on enhancing the accuracy of wind power generation forecasts by combining data from mesoscale and reanalysis models with Machine Learning (ML) approaches. We utilized WRF forecast data alongside ERA5 reanalysis data to estimate wind power generation for a wind farm located at Valladolid, Spain. The study evaluated the performance of ML models based on WRF and ERA5 data individually, as well as a combined model using inputs from both datasets. The hybrid model combining WRF and ERA5 data with ML resulted in a 15% improvement in root mean square error (RMSE) and a 10% increase in R2$$ {R}<^>2 $$ compared with standalone models, providing a more reliable 1-h forecast of wind power generation. Additionally, the availability of data over time was addressed: WRF provides the advantage of projecting data into the future, whereas ERA5 offers retrospective data.