Study on the propagation law of blast-induced vibration waves in landfill

When a tunnel is constructed using drilling and blasting techniques beneath a landfill, investigating the propagation laws of blast-induced vibration waves within the landfill is crucial for ensuring the successful construction of the tunnel and maintaining the stability of the landfill. This study, based on on-site monitoring data, employed the Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise-Hilbert transform (CEEMDAN-HT) method to conduct a detailed analysis of typical blasting signals. The results indicate that the blast-induced vibration waves attenuated with distance from the blast source. The liner at the bottom of the landfill and landfill body accelerated the attenuation. These led to a reduction in peak particle velocity (PPV), a decrease in total energy and an increased proportion of energy in the low-frequency band. Maximum single-stage charge and elevation led to an increase in PPV, an augmentation of total energy, and an elevated proportion of energy in the low-frequency band of the vibration wave, which were highly unfavorable for the stability of the landfill. Zero-crossing frequency was more appropriate as the main frequency of blasting vibration waves in the landfill. The applicability of classical formulas for predicting main frequency and PPV in landfills was validated using measured data. Additionally, site-specific prediction formulas for main frequency and PPV were proposed through dimensional analysis, which aligned well with on-site monitoring data. The results of this study can offer reference for the design of blasting parameters and construction control in similar engineering projects.