Analyzing factors contributing to inland waterway transport accidents in Bangladesh

Inland Waterway Transport (IWT) is an essential mode of transportation for moving both cargo and passengers in riverine countries like Bangladesh. The country’s domestic freight movement and passenger transportation significantly depends on the IWT modes, utilizing its extensive river network to provide cost-effective and accessible transit options. Despite its significance, the sector faces recurring accidents, leading to considerable loss of life and property. This study investigates the factors influencing IWT accidents in Bangladesh. Through an extensive literature review 14 factors were identified and categorized into human, technical, and external factors. Applying the Friedman test, the research ranks 14 key factors through the survey among 146 IWT masters, drivers and sukanis (helmsman). Results indicate that overloading, machinery failure, and contact with permanent obstructions are the most influential factors across their respective categories. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, such as stricter enforcement of safety regulations, enhanced equipment and navigational aids, and workforce training. This study provides actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders to improve IWT safety while also calling for further research to encompass diverse geographical contexts and refine mitigation strategies.