RNA Sequence Analysis in Macrophages Infected With Trypanosoma cruzi: Focus on TLR2 and TLR7, Iron Metabolism, and Extracellular Matrix Biosynthesis

Background Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite responsible for Chagas disease, affecting millions globally. This parasite infects mammalian host cells, particularly macrophages. The interaction between T. cruzi and macrophages involves intricate signaling pathways mediated by pattern recognition receptors, which lead to the production of immune mediators, that are parasite-strain dependent and not completely understood.Methods We conducted an unbiased transcriptomic analysis of the immune response in mouse macrophages 24 hours postinfection with the Y strain of T. cruzi using RNA-Seq and validated and compared the results using quantitative RT-PCR in macrophages infected with the Y and the VFRA T. cruzi strains.Results Bioinformatics analysis of the transcriptomics results evidenced a key role of Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) and Tlr7 in the immune response against the parasite that was parasite-dependent. Tlr2 signaling was more activated with the VFRA strain and Tlr7 with the Y strain. Gene ontology analyses predicted a blockage in iron transport mediated by clathrin and the modulation of the extracellular matrix biosynthesis, which were validated by RT-qPCR. Infection with the VFRA strain provoked the inhibition of ferritin, which correlated with parasite proliferation.Conclusions Our study recapitulates knowledge on the response of macrophages and provides insights into the importance of TLR2 and TLR7, iron metabolism, and extracellular matrix in the infected macrophage, which help the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying T. cruzi infection in macrophages with strains with different virulence. These findings are crucial for identifying novel therapeutic targets and advancing strategies to combat Chagas disease. RNA-Seq and gene expression analysis in macrophages infected with Trypanosoma cruzi point to important roles of TLR2 and TLR7, iron metabolism, and extracellular matrix biosynthesis, helping to understand T. cruzi infection and find urgently needed, novel therapeutic targets.