New species of Pseudacanthicus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the rio Xingu, Amazon, Brazil

The genus Pseudacanthicus encompasses eight recognized species so far: P. histrix, P. serratus, P. spinosus, P. fordii, P. leopardus, P. pitanga, P. pirarara, P. major. Only P. pirarara has been formally described from the rio Xingu basin. To address this gap in taxonomic knowledge of the region, a new species of the Pseudacanthicus is described here, aimed at enhancing our understanding of the genus within the rio Xingu basin and contributing to conservation efforts. The new species is primarily found downstream the impact zone of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant. It can be promptly diagnosed from congeners by the color pattern of the body dark brown to black with light gray vermicular spots on the dorsal and ventral surfaces, and fins; lower maximum number of teeth in premaxilla and dentary; and other osteological characters. It's worth noting that the ichthyofauna of the Amazonian drainages lacks comprehensive taxonomic and biological information regarding Pseudacanthicus. In this context, unchecked anthropogenic activities are leading to changes in the ecosystem, often resulting in the extinction of species even before they are scientifically addressed.