Novel synthesized, characterization and in vitro toxicological evaluation of amino acid-based-cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs)

Surface modifications improve the properties of nanomaterials and make them more appropriate for various applications. Various materials are used for surface modification of cerium nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs); however, there is no modification process of cerium with glutamic acid. This study focused on the preparation of L-glutamic acid-coated CeO2 NPs and reveal its potential toxicity depending on the characteristic properties. Characterization analysis was performed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ZETA sizer/potential and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In vitro toxicities of CeO2 NPs and Glu-CeO2 NPs were investigated by using WST-1 (2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, monosodium salt), hemolysis and HET-CAM (Hen's egg-chorioallantoic membrane) tests. Both NPs-group were determined to be non- cytotoxic on L929 and MCF-10A cell lines, but slightly decrease the viability of A549 and MCF-7 cells after 24 exposure. Glu-CeO2 NPs increased cell migration in MCF-10A cell line but inhibited in A549 cells. In contrast to CeO2 NPs, Glu-CeO2 NPs reduced oxidative stress and hemolysis rate. CeO2 NP was caused lysis after 0.5nd min, while Glu-CeO2 NPs didn't exhibit any irritation effect. This is the first report on the synthesis of Glu-CeO2 NPs. This formulation may be used in drug delivery systems due to its potential to reduce toxicity of CeO2 NPs.