Distinct Features of Tropical Cyclone Landfall over East Asia during Various Types of El Nino

Numerous studies focus on the impacts of ENSO diversity on tropical cyclone (TC) activities in the western North Pacific (WNP). In recent years, there is a growing threat of landfalling and northward-moving TCs in East Asia, accompanying an increase in central Pacific (CP) El Ni & ntilde;o. Here, we aim to discover variations in landfalling TCs during various types of CP El Ni & ntilde;o (CP-I and CP-II El Ni & ntilde;o). It is found that significant changes in landfalling and going northward TCs over East Asia north 208N are modulated by CP-I El Ni & ntilde;o. During CP-I El Ni & ntilde;o, TCs tend to landfall more often over the mainland of China with longer duration, moving distance, and stronger power dissipation index (PDI) after landfall and increased TC-induced rainfall, due to favorable conditions (beneficial steering fl ow, weak vertical wind shear, increased specific humidity, increased soil moisture, and temperature), especially significant over the northeastern part. The situation over the mainland of China is reversed during eastern Pacific (EP) El Ni & ntilde;o and CP-II El Ni & ntilde;o, with a significant decrease in the characteristics with corresponding unfavorable environments. Over the Korean Peninsula and Japan, the frequency of TC landfalls, as well as the duration and the moving distance after landfall, exhibits greater levels during CP-I and CP-II El Ni & ntilde;o than during EP El Ni & ntilde;o due to favorable steering fl ow, and thus, TC-induced rainfall enhances correspondingly. Regarding the PDI over the Korean Peninsula and Japan, it remains relatively consistent across all El Ni & ntilde;o types. However, a notable increase in the PDI during EP El Ni & ntilde;o could be attributed to the higher intensity of TCs prior to landfall.