A review on the nutritional composition and pharmacological properties of ornamental plants beyond their aesthetic and therapeutic potential

From ancient remedies to modern pharmaceuticals, the journey of plant-based medicine is a testament to nature's remarkable ability to heal. Among the diverse flora, medicinal plants have historically played a crucial role in treating ailments and promoting well-being. However, ornamental plants, primarily valued for their aesthetic appeal, also possess significant therapeutic properties and can serve as complementary resources to traditional medicinal plants, offering a diverse range of bioactive compounds that enhance health benefits. Besides this, numerous studies have shown that many ornamental species exhibit notable nutraceutical properties too, being rich in essential nutrients such as fibre, protein and minerals that support overall health and wellness. Additionally, the therapeutic potential of ornamental plants extends to mental health, as they have been found to reduce stress and anxiety levels, thereby enhancing overall well-being. Amid the growing interest in herbal remedies and the rising incidence of lifestyle-related and mental health issues, ornamental plants represent a vital link between aesthetics and healthcare, providing valuable alternative therapeutic options. In the field of phytomedicine, the bioactive compounds found in these plants are increasingly recognized for their potential as natural remedies, promoting physical health through their nutraceutical properties while also offering significant benefits for mental wellbeing. Furthermore, integrating ornamental plants into pharmaceutical research can enhance food and nutritional security, while also creating economic opportunities for rural populations engaged in their cultivation. This review explores the aforementioned potentials in various ornamental crops, with a primary emphasis on their phytochemical profiles and pharmacological properties.