An analysis of the solar flare event and space weather at the peak of solar cycle 23-25

The potential impact of space weather violence on Earth was forecasted following a solar flare on March 23, 2024, with an X-ray class of X1.1, which occurred on the peak of the 25th solar cycle. Although a resulting geomagnetic storm with an 8 Kp index was expected to disrupt Earth on March 24, 2024, it proved to be short-lived, resulting in no significant disturbances or reported impacts. This causes people to be interested and observe the effects of space conditions. Our study focused on analyzing solar flares and X-ray class intensity across the 23(rd) to 25(th) solar cycles, aiming to compare their distribution of solar energetic particles affecting Earth's space weather during peak solar activity. We observed the highest X-ray classes recorded as X40+, X9.96, and X6.3 for the 23(rd), 24(th), and 25(th) solar cycles, respectively. The 23(rd) solar cycle had five solar flares exceeding X20 and five exceeding X10, while the 24(th) cycle had only two flares exceeding X10, and occurred at the end of the cycle. We conducted an analysis of solar energetic particle propagation for specific events within each solar cycle, along with space weather using the diffusion transport equation. We resolved these problems using the numerical technique of the finite difference method. Our investigation showed that solar cycle 23 showed greater severity and strength compared to cycles 24 and 25.