Antibiotic Usage Patterns of Community-Dwelling Adults in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: To investigate factors predictive of antibiotic use behaviour in the community. Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to November 2023. Method: Standardised instruments were administered to patients who had received services from nurses in sub-district health-promoting hospitals in Thailand for at least one of the three diseases: (1) upper respiratory infection, (2) acute diarrhoea or (3) fresh traumatic wounds. Antibiotic use behaviour was modelled using the generalised estimating equation with an independent error component to account for the clustering of the hospitals. Results: Five hundred and eighty-five participants (556 patients and 29 nurses) met the inclusion criteria in this study. Of the 556 adult patients who were surveyed, the majority had upper respiratory infections, reported an appropriate level of antibiotic use, a moderate level of awareness of appropriate antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, and an inadequate literacy level of Rational Drug Use. The generalised estimating equation analysis revealed that factors predictive of antibiotic use behaviour were rational drug use literacy, awareness, process of care, nurses' experience and rate of rational antibiotic prescribing for acute diarrhoea. Conclusions: The nurses and healthcare providers should focus on enhancing the quality of care by educating and collaborating with the community to ensure appropriate antibiotic use behaviour.