Research on improving the performance of photonic integrated interference imaging systems using wave-shaped microlens array

Photonic integrated interference imaging technology is an advanced technique that combines photonic integration and computational optics to achieve ultra-thin, ultra-light, and high-resolution imaging. This paper proposes a novel wave-shaped microlens array, which effectively enables multi-directional coverage of UV spatial frequencies, enhancing the sampling efficiency of frequency information to achieve high-resolution imaging. By optimizing the wavelength spacing of the arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) and the arrangement of the microlens array, the system significantly improves imaging quality and limiting resolution. Simulation results indicate that, under optimal parameters, the system's performance shows significant improvements compared to the original radial microlens array and the hierarchical multistage microlens array. Specifically, the average peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) increased by 45.07% and 30.52%, the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) improved by 78.54% and 24.35%, and the limiting resolution was enhanced by 27.70% and 8.59%, respectively. This study provides valuable insights for the design and optimization of photonic integrated interference imaging systems.