Risks and Benefits of Future Travel with Hyperloop: A Multi-Analytical Approach

Despite significant government investment in Hyperloop transportation across various countries, research on its potential advantages and drawbacks from the tourist's perspective remains scarce. Guided by prospect theory, this study examines the perceptions and behaviors of frequent (n = 386) and occasional (n = 214) travelers regarding Hyperloop technology, using multiple analytical methods such as partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), multi-group analysis (MGA), fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), and artificial neural networks (ANN). The study explores how four perceived benefits (economic, environmental, socio-cultural, and time-saving) and four perceived risks (functional, physical, psychological, and financial concerns) influence travelers' intentions to use Hyperloop for tourism. The PLS-SEM and MGA analyses indicate that frequent travelers prioritize time-saving, while economic, environmental, socio-cultural benefits, and functional risks influence occasional travelers' decisions. Additionally, fsQCA findings identify distinct benefit-risk combinations affecting travel decisions, and deep learning models highlight critical factors predicting Hyperloop adoption. This study provides theoretical insights and practical strategies for integrating Hyperloop into tourism planning and management.