OVERVIEW OF HEAVY METAL REMOVAL METHODS FROM WATER

One of the problems associated with drinking water is heavy metal pollution. Being toxic, non-biodegradable and persistent, they pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems, including human health as well. A number of different methods that can be used for heavy metal removal from water are reviewed in this paper. Conventional processes include chemical precipitation, coagulation and flotation, adsorption, ion exchange, and membrane processes. Advanced oxidation processes as well as electrochemical and biological methods are also applicable to treating water contaminated with heavy metals. The choice of appropriate method depends on several factors, such as water composition and quantity, required efficiency, capital and operating costs, and environmental friendliness.