Relationship between Dietary Diversity Score and Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity with some Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Pro-Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance in Overweight and Obese Postmenopausal Women

Background Considering the significance of relation between dietary diversity and dietary antioxidants in the mechanism of obesity and related outcomes and due to limited studies in postmenopausal women, the present research was designed to evaluate the relationship between Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) and Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity (DTAC) with some cardio-metabolic risk factors and Pro-Oxidant-Antioxidant Balance (PAB) level in overweight and/or obese postmenopausal women. Methods The research participants comprised 128 overweight and/or obese postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years attending the health centers. Anthropometric measures, e.g., weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, were obtained. Serum lipid profile, glucose, and insulin were determined, and the Homeostasis Model Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was estimated. PAB was determined. DDS and DTAC were determined using information from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Results Compared to those in the first tertile, there was no significant relationship between anthropometric and biochemical data with DDS neither among participants in the second tertile nor the third tertile (P>0.05). Furthermore, considerable negative relationships were only observed between waist-to-hip ratio (P=0.035) and waist-to-height ratio (P=0.006) with DTAC among participants in the second tertile compared with those in the first tertile. Also, insulin and HOMA-IR were inversely related to DTAC among participants in the second tertile (both P<0.001) and the third tertile (P=0.004 and P=0.009, respectively) compared to those in the first tertile. There was a considerable negative relationship between PAB and DTAC (P=0.036) among participants in the third tertile compared with those in the first tertile. Conclusion DDS was not correlated with a lower risk of obesity, abdominal adiposity, and better metabolic features. Furthermore, this study demonstrated that higher DTAC was correlated with lower abdominal obesity, insulin, HOMA-IR, and PAB levels.