Utilizing seashells for the removal of malachite green dye pollution: a sustainable approach in textile wastewater treatment

Industrial waste management is crucial in minimizing the environmental impact of pollutants, such as dyes, heavy metals, organic contaminants, and radioactive substances. The textile industry, a vital contributor to economic development, is known for its significant environmental footprint, especially related to dye pollutants. This study explores the use of seashells as an environmentally friendly and cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of Malachite Green, a toxic dye widely used in the textile industry. The research investigates the influence of seashell type, dosage, pH, dye concentration, contact time, and temperature on the removal process. Based on the isotherm model data, the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents were evaluated. The results indicated that natural sea-shell (NS) exhibited the highest adsorption capacity with a maximum of 113.64 mg/g, followed by thermally activated sea-shell (TAS) with 72.76 mg/g, and chemically activated sea-shell (CAS) with 42.37 mg/g. These findings suggest that NS is the most efficient adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye, outperforming TAS and CAS in terms of adsorption capacity. Results indicate the efficacy of seashells as a sustainable solution for mitigating dye pollution, offering promising insights for cleaner textile wastewater treatment.