A two-year longitudinal study of the impact of cognitive status and depression on frailty status in older adults following hip fracture

Objectives: To examine if frailty is associated with cognitive status or depression in older adults following surgery for hip fracture. Design: A 2-year longitudinal correlational cohort study. Setting and Participants: Older adults (>= 60 years) who had hip-fracture surgery were recruited from a 3,000bed medical center in Taiwan. Methods: Participants were recruited between September 2012; follow-up was completed in March 2021. Measures for frailty, cognitive status, and depression were assessed at six points. Frailty changes were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Results: Mean age was 78.51 +/- 9.0 years. Compared to those without cognitive impairment or without depression, pre-fracture basic activities of daily living (BADLs), baseline walking ability and frailty were worse for participants with cognitive impairment or depression (P < .001). Frailty increased over time for those with cognitive impairment and depression after controlling for covariates (P < .001). Conclusions: Assessing cognitive status and depression in older adults following hip fracture could guide interventions to reduce frailty. (c) 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.