Cerium-doped Mn2O3 microspheres: a high-performance cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have received considerable attention due to their advantages of being safe, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. However, the performance of the cathode materials limits their practical application. In this research, Ce-doped Mn2O3 microspheres (Ce-Mn2O3) were synthesized by using MnBTC as the precursor and Ce as the dopant through methods of static precipitation and calcination. The introduction of cerium resulted in the formation of oxygen vacancies, which significantly enhanced the cycling stability of the material. A high initial discharge capacity of 195.2 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 was exhibited by the Ce-Mn2O3 microspheres, with 90% of this capacity retained after 150 cycles. The unique structure, characterized by stacked nanosheets forming nanospheres, ensured high specific surface area and structural stability. This research has provided a promising pathway for the development of advanced AZIBs, offering a more sustainable and efficient energy storage solution. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.