Development and Characterization of Silica and PVA-TiO2-Coated Cotton Fabrics for Enhanced Hydrophobicity, Antibacterial Activity, and UV-Protective Properties

This study focuses on developing multifunctional cotton fabrics coated with TiO2, silica, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to deliver combined hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and UV protection. A comprehensive evaluation of the coated fabrics included water contact angle measurements, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental analysis, UV protection assessment, and antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The fabrics exhibited self-cleaning properties due to high water contact angles ranging from 102.72 degrees to 103.80 degrees, allowing water droplets to roll off and removing contaminants effectively. EDS analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of SiO2-TiO2 into the cotton fibers, validating the coating's chemical integration. UV protection tests revealed significant shielding capability with ratings between 27 and 32, making the fabrics suitable for outdoor use. Antibacterial assessments demonstrated complete inhibition (100%) of E. coli and S. aureus after 24 h of exposure, indicating robust antimicrobial performance. These findings underscore the potential of this coating technology in producing self-cleaning, UV-protective, and antibacterial textiles, paving the way for advancements in high-performance fabric innovation for healthcare, protective wear, and outdoor applications.