Alternative approaches to antibiotics in the control of mastitis in dairy cows: a review

Bovine mastitis is the most widespread and economically burdensome condition affecting dairy herds worldwide, causing substantial financial losses in the livestock and dairy sectors. The main approach to treating mastitis in dairy cows is based on the administration of antibiotics. However, their widespread use has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and thus to numerous food safety problems. Consequently, a growing body of scientific research has been directed towards exploring new and effective therapeutic alternatives for the management of bovine mastitis, which could replace conventional antibiotic therapy. This review surveys the various alternative strategies employed in the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle. These strategies include nanoparticle therapy, bacteriophage therapy, vaccination, phytotherapy, the use of animal proteins, probiotics and bacteriocins. In addition, the potential synergistic effects resulting from the combination of these treatments has shown real benefits that will be highlighted.