Novel solution of the controller and backup controller placement problem for improving reliability in IoT-based data monitoring systems

The use of the Internet of Things (IoT) is expanding, particularly in health and life application such as earthquake monitoring. Additionally, due to lower energy consumption, the use of long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) is on the rise. However, in LoRaWAN architectures, challenges arise in terms of reliability. This is because LoRaWAN functions based on the ALOHA and faces channel selection and spreading factors (SF), as well as distortion, noise, and interference. This paper proposes an architecture for monitoring earthquake. To improve reliability, the first approach introduces an optimal controller placement, while the second provides an optimal backup controller placement algorithm. An error control process based on the Kalman filter is added to the system. Simulation results demonstrate these strategies reduces energy consumption by up to 40%. In the error control, propagation delay decreases by 60%, and in the controller placement, delay decreases by 40%. The packet delivery rate before corrections is 49.42%, while the average rate for the controller placement is 67.34% and for error control is 68.84%.