The impact of kidney disease on peri-operative outcomes of novel BPH surgeries across the board: a propensity score matched analysis using the ACS-NSQIP database

Background Pre-operative kidney disease was shown to impact peri-operative outcomes of endoscopic BPH surgeries. We aim to assess the effect of novel surgical techniques (Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (LEP) and Laser Vaporization of the Prostate (LVP)) compared to Transurethral Resection of Prostate (TURP), on post-operative outcomes stratified based on kidney function. Methods The ACS-NSQIP database was reviewed from 2008 to 2021 for 83,020 patients that underwent TURP, LEP, and LVP. Pre-operative variables were compared across kidney function groups: G1(normal/high function); G2-G3(mild/moderate kidney disease); and G4-G5(severe kidney disease). Multivariate logistic regression was performed on 30-day peri-operative complications adjusting for pre-operative variables. Propensity score matching was done between LEP and LVP to TURP. Results LEP showed a protective effect against UTIs (p < 0.05) in the G1 and G2-G3 categories but lost that protective effect in the G4-G5 category when compared to TURP. It had longer operative time (p < 0.05) across all kidney function groups, and demonstrated shorter hospital stay (p < 0.05) in the G1 and G2-G3 categories compared to TURP. LVP had a persistent protective effect against bleeding (p < 0.05) across all kidney function groups and shorter hospital stay (p < 0.05) when compared to TURP. LVP had a protective effect against return to OR (p < 0.05) in the G1 and G2-G3 kidney function group but lost that protective effect in the G4-G5 category. LVP had significant protective effect against thromboembolic events (p < 0.05) in the G2-G3 category and against cardiac complications (p < 0.05) in the G4-G5 category. Conclusion LEP and LVP are superior to TURP in terms of post-operative complications. The type of endoscopic surgery technique should be tailored according to patient's pre-operative kidney status and risk.