The Association between Serum Lipid Profile Levels and Hypertension Grades: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Health Examination Center

Introduction Hypertension and dyslipidemia are major cardiovascular risk factors that often coexist. Hyperlipidemia is a crucial modifiable risk factor in preventing cardiovascular disease. Aim We aimed to explore the relationship between lipid levels and the grading of hypertension in a community-based adult population. Methods A total of 63,091 non-employed individuals were included in this study. Measurements included systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (STB), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c). Chi-square and t-tests were used to obtain basic population characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the prevalence of hypertension and lipid profiles, as well as to identify influencing factors. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Statistical charts were utilized to analyze the relationship between lipid parameters and hypertension grades. Results A total of 30,588 men and 32,503 women with an average age of 64.57 +/- 12.5 years participated in this study. After adjusting STB and TC, every 1 mmol/L increase in TG and LDL-c was associated with a 6.0% and 6.5% increase in the prevalence of hypertension, respectively. Conversely, for every 1 mmol/L increase in HDL-c, the prevalence of hypertension decreased by 4.1%. Increases in TG and LDL-c levels were observed across all grades of hypertension, while very high HDL-c was significantly associated in grade III hypertension (1.54 -> 1.66 mmol/L). Additionally, age, BMI, FPG, ALT, AST, SCr, and BUN significantly influenced the association between hypertension and lipid levels. Conclusion Hyperlipidemia and hypertension often coexist in health examination populations. Elevated levels of TG and LDL-C are associated with all grades of hypertension, while extremely high HDL-C level is linked to more severe hypertension.