Effect of Dual-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Loaded with 5-Fluorouracil on Breast Cancer Treatment Through the Disruption of DNA Replication: In Vitro Drug Release and Kinetics Study

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAP NPs) are an inorganic biomaterial that has great interest in developing multifunctional nano-biomedical applications due to their biocompatible properties. In the present study, a wet-chemical precipitation technique was carried out to synthesize the HAP NPs and gadolinium and iron dual-doped magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The HAP NPs act as a superior nano drug carrier for drug release, and thus, they were loaded with the 5-fluorouracil, an anticancer drug. The nanoparticle's crystalline size and phase identification were confirmed by XRD. The functional groups and morphological analysis were confirmed by FTIR, RAMAN, and FESEM characterizations. The surface charge and magnetic behaviour of the material were observed by Zeta potential and VSM analysis. In-vitro cell viability percentage of the nanoparticles has been unveiled at approximately 92% of biocompatibility on Vero cells (monkey kidney cells) and for cytotoxicity, approximately 89% and 93% cell viability were observed on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancerous cells) for 24 h. The drug-loaded nanoparticles demonstrated the controlled drug release for 48 h at 7.5 pH. A mathematical model of the Hills order kinetic curve fit was observed as a novel result of the drug release rate due to the binding mechanism of samples. A biocompatible superparamagnetic behaviour with controlled drug release makes these dual-doped magnetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles a promising drug carrier for theranostic applications additionally future research will be focused on analyzing polydispersity and in vivo studies of nanoparticles for clinical applications which would take the current study to the next phase of research.