Optimizing WSN Based Smart Irrigation Using Energy-Aware Cluster-Based Schemes

In smart irrigation systems, efficient and reliable communication between sensors in a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and the control system is critical for optimizing energy consumption. This paper introduces several cluster-based selection schemes, which are adaptations of the Stable Election Protocol (SEP) and Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering (DEEC). These schemes partition the agricultural field into smaller regions to minimize energy consumption between distant sensors and the sink. Performance analysis against conventional schemes, using metrics such as network throughput, stability, instability duration, and network lifespan, demonstrates that the proposed schemes consistently outperform in all aspects. Simulation results indicate that the proposed scheme based on SEP extends the network lifetime by 38% and enhances throughput by 56.6%. Meanwhile, the scheme based on DEEC improves network lifetime by 60.5% and increase throughput by 65%. These findings highlight the potential of these schemes to extend network longevity and enhance energy efficiency in heterogeneous WSNs, thus improving the overall performance of smart irrigation systems. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.