Exploring the impact of digital industry agglomeration on provincial energy efficiency in China: A panel data analysis from 2012 to 2020

Using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces between 2012 and 2020, this study examines the relationship between digital industry agglomeration and provincial energy efficiency. Key findings include: (1) China's energy efficiency remains suboptimal with an average annual value of 0.525. In detail, the performance of energy utilization stage is better than that of pollution treatment stage. (2) Digital industry agglomeration has a positive impact on energy efficiency, highlighted by time-lag effect. This effect unfolds as a gradual accumulation, with varying influences across distinct regions. Furthermore, digital industry agglomeration is hard to give full scope to its efficiency promotion advantages for regions with low digital industry agglomeration level. (3) Green technological innovation and industrial structure adjustment are instrumental pathways through which digital industry agglomeration influences energy efficiency. Additionally, governmental support not only enhances this impact but also affects the intermediary roles of green technological innovation and industrial structure adjustment. (4) There are significant positive spatial spillover effects, with digital industry agglomeration boosting energy efficiency in neighboring provinces. Based on these insights, we recommend the Chinese government prioritize the development of globally competitive digital industry agglomerations to promote energy conservation, reduce emissions, and support a sustainable energy transition. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd