The analysis of coverage probability, ASE and EE in heterogeneous ultra-dense networks with power control

The ultra-dense network is a promising technology to increase the network capacity in the forthcoming fifthgeneration(5G) mobile communication networks by deploying lots of low power Small Base Stations(SBSs)which overlap with Macro Base Stations(MBSs). The interference and energy consumption increase rapidly with the number of SBSs although each SBS transmits with small power. In this paper, we model a downlink heterogeneous ultra-dense network where a lot of SBSs are randomly deployed with MBSs based on the Poisson point process. We derive the coverage probability and its variance, and analyze the area spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the network considering three Fractional Power Control(FPC) strategies. The numerical results and Monte Carlo simulation results show that power control can mitigate the interference and balance the performances of inner-user and edge-user equipments. Especially, a great improvement of energy efficiency is archived with a little loss of area spectral efficiency when FPC is adopted. Finally, we analyze the effect of base stations'(BSs') sleeping on the performance of the network when it is partially loaded.