Ultra-high vacuum cryomanipulators with liquid helium cooling for electron spectroscopy

The design of ultra-high vacuum cryomanipulators cooled by liquid helium for the use in surface studies is described. The main aspect of the design is a pumped low-temperature insert with a special copper felt heat exchanger mounted on the high-precision manipulator of electron spectrometer. The inserts can be cooled by a liquid helium flow from a fitted transport Dewar through a standard transfer tube and pumped by a rotary pump of a helium recovery system. The design enables changing samples during UHV runs. Electrical microfeedthroughs (6- or 8-pins) mounted on the cryoinsert and changeable sample holders allow electrical measurements `in situ' under the UHV conditions.