Crack-free, thick ceramic coating films via non-repetitive dip-coating using polyvinylpyrrolidone as stress-relaxing agent

BaTiO3 and PZT films were prepared from alkoxide-acetate solutions containing polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) by non-repetitive dip-coating. It was demonstrated that PVP incorporated in gel films suppresses crack formation during heating and increases the critical thickness, the maximum thickness achievable without crack formation via single-step deposition. Using PVP crack-free BaTiO3 and PZT films 1.2 and 0.5 μm in thickness could be prepared, respectively, via single-step dip-coating. The films were fairly transparent and dense in microstructure. The tensile stress in heat-treated BaTiO3 films was also demonstrated to decrease significantly by incorporating PVP in gel films.