Accurate measurements and electron/photon transport calculations provide evidence that optical density is a single-valued function of the absorbed dose in the emulsion of industrial X-ray films. As a result, the film sensitivity is proportional to the absorbed dose in the emulsion, per roentgen. Spectral sensitivity is calculated for energies between 20 keV and 10 MeV. The intensifying action of metal screens on film sensitivity is calculated as a function of screen thickness for various photon energies and film-screen combinations. The results of calculations are supported by the experimental data.