INTRODUCTION OF THE INDUSTRIAL ROBOT IN BRITAIN.

The technical, managerial, organizational, economic and labor factors found to be important in an empirical study of more than forty firms adopting or considering robots, are outlined. Specific problems, arising from the requirements for managing integrated mechanical, electronic and computational systems, and the novel choreographic approach to production embodied in robots, are posed by the introduction of this new technology. For their effective solution, these problems demand an increased level of competence and expertise, at all levels from the managerial to the technical. But robots are just one part of modern automation, and in the future programmable automation - the integration of computer technology, robotics and conventional automation - will increasingly become the competitive standard in manufacturing industry. The introduction of such new technological standards, though forced by competitive pressures, will, however, require extensive institutional, organisational, and disciplinary adaptation if their full potential is to be realized and the UK is to remain one of the leading industrial nations.