SOLID-WASTE DISPOSAL: SOLIDIFICATION.

This paper describes the solidification process which fixate or encapsulate waste in a solid matrix end-product. Fixation techniques chemically and physically bind the waste with a solidification agent. Encapsulation methods physically surround the waste within the agent. Both techniques reduce waste permeability and produce an end-product having significant shear strength. This method can convert a hazardous waste into a nonhazardous substance. Of the five basic technologies, one can usually be customized to handle any specific toxic waste. The five processes discussed include - silicate and cement-based; lime-based; thermoplastic-based; organic polymer-based; and encapsulation techniques. Economic considerations are also dealt with.