Exotic coherent structures and their collisional dynamics in a (3+1) dimensional Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation

In this paper, we analyse the (3+1) dimensional Bogoyavlensky–Konopelchenko equation. Using Painlevé Truncation approach, we have constructed solutions in terms of lower dimensional arbitrary functions of space and time. By suitably harnessing the arbitrary functions present in the solution, we have generated physically interesting solutions like periodic solutions, kinks, linear rogue waves, line lumps, dipole lumps and hybrid dromions. It is interesting to note that unlike in (2+1) dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations, the line lumps interact and undergo elastic collision without exchange of energy which is confirmed by the asymptotic analysis. The hybrid dromions are also found to retain their amplitudes during interaction undergoing elastic collision. The highlight of the results is that one also observes the two nonparallel ghost solitons as well whose intersection gives rise to hybrid dromions, a phenomenon not witnessed in (2+1) dimensions. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.