A survey on coordinated attacks against cyber–physical power systems: Attack, detection, and defense methods

Power systems face a substantial increase in vulnerability due to the high proportion of renewable energy, the integration of power electronic devices, and the inherent randomness on both the power supply and demand sides. Simultaneously, the data flow across cyber and physical domains within cyber–physical power systems (CPPS) introduces considerable risks to various aspects such as data collection and information transmission. The emergence of coordinated attacks, involving multiple cyber or physical attack methods, poses serious threats and challenges to the secure operation of CPPS. This study first categorizes coordinated attacks into coordinated cyber–physical attacks (CCPAs) and coordinated cyber-attacks (CCAs), and the researches on coordinated attacks on power systems are systematically classified and summarized based on three aspects: attack construction, attack detection, and attack defense. Finally, the potential research directions of coordinated attacks are prospected based on the perspectives of attackers and defenders. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.