A personalized learning system-supported professional training model for teachers' TPACK development

In contrast to traditional teacher professional development (TPD), the importance of individualized professional learning and expert content delivery is increasingly focused on as a challenge to transform the TPD. This study investigated the effects of an andragogical design of TPD with an embedded personalized learning system on technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) of in-service teachers. One hundred sixty-one in-service science teachers from 92 secondary schools located Northeastern region of Thailand voluntarily participated in the proposed TPD program. Results indicated that the in-service teachers significantly improved their TPACK. These findings add to the limited body of research on TPD that facilitates adult teachers' professional learning with the support of a personalized learning system to be equipped with the know-how to pedagogically apply digital technology into students’ learning experience in science. © 2022 The Authors