Surface Activation of Titanium Implant by Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic Based Composite Coating for Bone Tissue Regeneration

In order to replace and heal the injured bone tissue, implants made up of bioresorbable materials in combination with osteoconductive calcium phosphate ceramics show promising results. Moreover, for better osseointegration and accelerated bone fracture repair of titanium (Ti) implant, its surface should be activated by nanocomposite coatings. The objective of this research is to develop a multifunctional composite coated Ti implant using zinc and potassium substituted alpha-tricalcium phosphate (MTCP), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and clove-cinnamon extract (CCE) (MTCP/BSA/ CCE) composite that would address the bone problems by fusing MTCP's regenerative qualities with antibacterial CCE. Morphology of the MTCP/BSA/CCE composite coated Ti's surface was accessed using scanning electron microscopic analysis. The composites' functionality and phase characteristics were accessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, respectively. The antimicrobial ability of the prepared composites was confirmed against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. Moreover, in-vitro findings suggest that, MTCP/ BSA/CCE composite significantly improves the growth of osteoblasts like MG-63 cells (90%) at optimum concentration (20 mu g/mL), which is greater than the negative control cisplatin (45%). Our research suggests that this technology could be used in commercial medical devices to increase osseointegration and lower the risk of bacterial infections, improving implantation success and patient satisfaction