Influence of structural parameters on immersion cooling performance of a 1P52S 280 Ah prismatic LiFePO4 battery pack

Single-phase immersion cooling has gained attention as a highly effective thermal management solution for battery energy storage systems, owing to its simple design and exceptional cooling performance. This study numerically examines the impact of key structural parameters on the thermal performance and temperature distribution of a 1P52S 280 Ah LiFePO4 battery pack. The findings reveal that the double-sided inlet configuration significantly outperforms the single-sided design, reducing the maximum temperature difference and maximum temperature by 38 % and 2.5 %, respectively. Increasing cell spacing leads to a rise in the maximum temperature, while the maximum temperature difference decreases initially and then increases. Furthermore, increasing the immersion depth and outlet diameter mitigates the end effect, with the maximum temperature stabilizing at a constant value. From these qualitative and quantitative analyses, a structural configuration is selected, achieving a maximum temperature difference of less than 2.8 K. These results offer critical insights for the design and optimization of single-phase immersion cooling systems, facilitating their advancement and wider adoption in battery energy storage applications.