Construction of dual emissive nanoprobes based on carbon dots and their ratiometric sensing applications

Carbon dots (CDs) are zero-dimensional functional carbon nanomaterials with multicolor emission characteristics. At present, many optical sensing systems based on CDs can work at a single wavelength. However, under single wavelength operating conditions, many factors such as sensor concentration, uniformity, instrument status, and changes in environmental conditions often affect the accuracy of the results. In contrast, the dual emission center can overcome these challenges, and improve the sensitivity and accuracy of sensing detection by using multi-dimensional signal output. In this review, we focus on exploring the fabrication techniques and intrinsic properties of CDs in detail. In addition, we also studied the construction process and practical application of optical sensors based on dual emission CDs. Finally, based on the current research level and actual needs, the future development of dual emissive CDs is prospected.